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Movement Disorders

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Movement disorders are a heterogeneous group of neurological conditions. They present either with excessive, unwanted movements or with poverty of movements. Symptoms should not be related to loss of muscle strength. This definition excludes, for example, paraplegia, where the poverty of movement of the lower limbs is a direct result of paralysis. In movement disorders, altough strength is preserved, patients exhibit less motor activity than normal (hypokinesia/akinesia) or, on the contrary, excessive movements (involuntary or semi-voluntary).

In accordance with the above, movement disorders can be classified as hyperkinetic and hypokinetic. Depending on the pattern of motor dysfunction, five major hyperkinetic and one hypokinetic movement disorder can be recognized:
  • Hyperkinetic movement disorders
    • Tremor
    • Dystonia
    • Chorea
    • Myoclonus
    • Tics
  • Hypokinetic movement disorders
    • Parkinsonism
These movement patterns are symptoms and not diseases. This means that the same movement disorder can be caused by different underlying conditions. For example, symptoms of parkinsonism are seen in people with Parkinson's disease, but they can also appear as a side effect of certain medications or as a result of a Parkinson-plus syndrome (i.e Progressive supranuclear palsy, Multiple system atrophy).

In this section you can find articles related to the diagnosis and treatment of various movement disorders.
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